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Tuesday 22 May 2012

Fusion of Spices

 

The traditional puliogare or 'tamarind rice'

The traditional puliogare or 'tamarind rice'

 

The Tamil Brahmin cuisine, practiced by the Iyers and Iyengars, is the equivalent of the Holy Grail for vegetarians. The purity of a fluffy white idli, the delicately thin dosa, the enticement of the uber favourite pongal – in these lies satisfaction for the Tamil soul. These dishes are popular for breakfast and also for tiffin, the evening meal. Many prefer to eat these light dishes even for supper.

 

The Tamilians love their deep fried pappadums and vathals (red chillies dipped in curd and dried). Served with rice, a curry, a porial (side dish), salad, rasam and curds, these make for a simple and perfect meal that is nutritionally balanced and is able to tickle the taste buds.

Tamil Nadu Cuisine Chennai

 

 Traditional breakfast in Chennai on a banana leaf

A hearty breakfast fare(idli,vada,chutney) on the banana leaf

Legacy of the Cuisine

In the past, the Tamilian Brahmin (Tambram) cuisine looked to their fields or the kitchen gardens that they faithfully tended tamarind, banana, mango, lime, drumstick and coconut trees. Tamarind, asafoetida, mustard, curry leaves are vital ingredients that flavour this seemingly simple fare. Tamil proverbs that are in use in daily conversation demonstrate the integral role of vegetables.

 

In a traditional family, one might well have heard a well-meaning elder enquire, “ponnai vallarthiya, peerkanga vallarthiya?” that can be translated as “has your daughter grown up to the stage of the ripeness of a ridge gourd?” The wild son of a family was compared to the snake gourd - “kallu kattaadha podalangaayum, sollu kaekkaadha pillayum vallaraadhu,” which means, “ just like a snake gourd that curls up if a stone is not tied to its tail, a boy will be undisciplined if he is not taught obedience.”

 

The stronghold of the trading community of the Chettiars, Chettinad’s terrain is searing and sparse, in stark contrast to its rich and flavourful cuisine. Traders from the Chettinad region travelled frequently to neighbouring Sri Lanka, Burma and Indonesia and came back with a strong yen for the spices used in those countries. Back home in their kitchens, grandmothers or aachis supervise cooks as they pound black peppercorn, star anise, fennel, cardamom, cinnamon, cloves and curry leaves on stones pestles, freshly before use; their proportions guided by intuition to add piquant flavour to traditional dishes.

Taking the Spice Route

The tangy 'rasam'

The tangy 'rasam' or soup whets the appetite

While local vegetables like brinjal, raw banana, spinach and root vegetables dominate the traditional vegetarian preparations that are winsomely showcased at wedding feasts, the region’s claim to fame are dishes like the spicy chicken chettinad, fish varuval and uppu kari. Uppu kari takes its name from the method of preparation; mutton (kari) is marinated in salt (uppu), before being cooked in a ginger paste and seasoned with split red chillies. Staples like idiyappam, a pancake of rice noodles and paniyaram, made of steaming batter in a mould are eternal favourites.

 

 In the north and south Arcot districts, food is so important to the chiefly agricultural community of the Mudaliars that the day’s menu was much deliberated by families each morning. The Mudaliars are particular about cooking different food in specific vessels that enhance the unique flavours; for example, they use stoneware to cook dishes like dal (lentils) and spinach, lead-coated utensils to enhance the rasam and earthern ware for fish curries and dishes made of tamarind. It is also believed that certain metals infuse medicinal properties into food.

 

Ground masalas and coconut are central to its unique flavour; mutton is used in most non-vegetarian dishes like aatu kaal kuzhambu (a rich soup made from sheep trotters) chuppal kari (meat cooked with aromatic spices), kari perattal (a meat curry laced with dill and fenugreek leaves), and mochakka (shelled beans available in the south during winter).