This 16,873 km2 industrial and tourist hub with a population of 189,644 stands at the northern end of the Chilean landmass and can be reached overland by the Pan-American Highway. The capital is the port city of Arica, and the region has several border crossing points to neighboring countries Peru and Bolivia. Key regional industries include tourism, farming, industrial minerals mining, marine resources, maritime and port services, tertiary education, and manufacturing. Byproducts of many of these sectors feed a thriving export industry. Key regional attractions include the eastwest valley of Lluta and its twin Azapa, home to the renowned olive and olive oil industry. The regional highlands are noted for their dry salt lakes and blue lagoons, with volcanoes such as Parinacota and Pomerape towering over 6,000 meters. The diverse fl ora and fauna include three of the six fl amingo species known worldwide.